Sexual education for university students and the community in a european project: study protocol.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organisation (WHO) calls on stakeholders to give Higher Education a key educational importance for the future of Europe. Within the content of the training programmes at university, sexuality emerges as a relevant topic in the nursing degree, to promote integral health from a holistic perspective. However, research on the presence of sexuality at the curricular level in Higher Education suggests that it is incomplete and underdeveloped. METHODS: This is a protocol for a long-term, multi-centre, exploratory, descriptive, and cross-sectional study with a quantitative and qualitative approach lasting two years. The research will be carried out in the educational community, including, on the one hand, students, and professors and health professionals of nursing programmes from five universities in different parts of the world (Portugal, Spain, Italy, and the United States), and on the other hand, women, young people, and immigrants from these communities. The study will have several target populations. Firstly, the target is nursing students, with whom the aim is to define their perspective on the sexuality content taught at the university, and their level of knowledge. Secondly university professors and health professionals, with whom we will check their perspective on sexuality in the classroom, as well as their level of knowledge in this field. And finally, we will work with the community (women, young people, and immigrants) to whom we will try to bring sexuality from a useful and enjoyable perspective. In order to measure these variables in the protocol, instruments such as questionnaires and semi-structured interviews will be used. During data collection, ethical principles will be guaranteed and informed consent will be requested from the participants. DISCUSSION: The results of the research will have a high curricular impact on the educational community, and will last over time, since the tools generated in the project will be included as part of nursing training programmes. In addition, participation in the project will improve health education for health professionals and at the community level on sexuality in both urban and rural populations.

Nodriza: La lactancia entre el lujo y la miseria / Wet Nurse: Lactation between luxury and misery

A lo largo de la historia, la lactancia materna ha sido la forma ideal de alimentar al ser humano. Por lo general, la madre es la encargada de amamantar al recién nacido, pero cuando por diversas circunstancias ella no pudo se recurrió a la nodriza para amamantar al neonato. Las primeras referencias de esta figura aparecen en los códigos babilónicos, aunque la etimología del término proviene del vocablo latino nutricia, expresión utilizada para referirse al salario entregado a la mujer por el desempeño de la función de amantar [Fragmento de texto] (AU)

La esquizofrenia y su concepto transcultural / Schizophrenia and it's cross-cultural concept

En la actualidad, la mente humana no es posible valorarla de forma directa, pues el campo del inconsciente todavía es un área muy desconocida, debido a la complejidad de los procesos cognitivos y subjetivos que alberga. Si la salud se concibe como el bienestar biopsicosocial de la persona, los profesionales de la salud mediante su trabajo deben hacer frente a las innumerables necesidades que pueden presentar las personas [Fragmento de texto] (AU)

Un incremento exagerado de la presión arterial con el ejercicio no predice mortalidad ni eventos cardiovasculares graves en mujeres referidas a ecocardiografía de ejercicio por razones clínicas / An exaggerated increase in blood pressure with exercise does not predict mortality or severe cardiovascular events in women referred for exercise echocardiography for clinical reasons

FUNDAMENTO Y OBJETIVOS: La asociación entre un incremento exagerado de la presión arterial sistólica con el ejercicio (IEPASE) y la probabilidad de eventos cardiovasculares es controvertida y poco estudiada en población femenina. Nuestro propósito fue determinar la posible asociación de un IEPASE con mortalidad y eventos cardiovasculares en mujeres referidas a ecocardiografía de ejercicio por enfermedad coronaria conocida o sospechada. PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Se realizó ecocardiografía de ejercicio a 3.942 mujeres con enfermedad coronaria conocida o sospechada. El IEPASE se definió como un incremento de la presión arterial sistólica con el ejercicio ≥70mmHg. Los objetivos fueron mortalidad global y cardíaca, infarto agudo de miocardio (IM), accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) e intervenciones de revascularización coronaria. RESULTADOS: Trescientas treinta y dos mujeres desarrollaron IEPASE durante los test. En el seguimiento se registraron un total de 458 muertes (162 de origen cardíaco), 212 IM, 89 ACV y 345 intervenciones de revascularización coronaria. La tasa anual de mortalidad global y cardiaca fue inferior en el subgrupo de pacientes con IEPASE (0,15% vs. 2,3%, p = 0,02 y 0,01% vs. 0,2%, p = 0,015, respectivamente). No observamos diferencias significativas en las tasas de IM, ACV y de intervenciones de revascularización coronaria, que fueron, respectivamente, del 1,1%, 0,43% y 2,24% en pacientes con IEPASE y del 0,09%, 0,05% y 0,13% en aquellas mujeres sin IEPASE (p = 0,66; p = 0,57; p = 0,19, respectivamente), Tras un ajuste multivariante el IEPASE no resultó predictor de mortalidad ni de eventos cardiovasculares. CONCLUSIONES: El IEPASE no se asoció con mortalidad ni eventos cardiovasculares graves en mujeres con enfermedad coronaria conocida o sospechada

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The association between an exaggerated systolic blood pressure increase with exercise (EBPIE) and the probability of cardiovascular events is controversial and poorly studied in the female population. Our aim was to determine the possible association between EBPIE on one hand and mortality and cardiovascular events on the other in women referred for exercise echocardiography due to known or suspected coronary artery disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 3942 women with known or suspected coronary artery disease underwent exercise echocardiography. We defined EBPIE as a ≥70mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure with exercise. The study endpoints were overall and cardiac mortality, acute myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and coronary revascularisation procedures. RESULTS: A total of 332 women developed EBPIE during the test. During the follow-up, 458 deaths (162 of cardiac origin), 212 MIs, 89 strokes and 345 coronary revascularisation procedures were recorded. The annual rates of overall and cardiac mortality were lower in the patient subgroup with EBPIE (0.15% vs. 2.3%, P=.02 and 0.01% vs. 0.2%, P=.015, respectively). There were no significant differences in the rates of MI, stroke and the need for coronary revascularisation procedures, which occurred in 1.1%, 0.43% and 2.24% of the patients with EBPIE, respectively, and occurred in 0.09%, 0.05% and 0.13% of the women without EBPIE (P=.66; P=.57; P=.19, respectively). After a multivariate adjustment, EBPIE was not a predictor of mortality or cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: EBPIE is not associated with mortality or severe cardiovascular events in women with known or suspected coronary artery disease

An exaggerated increase in blood pressure with exercise does not predict mortality or severe cardiovascular events in women referred for exercise echocardiography for clinical reasons. / Un incremento exagerado de la presión arterial con el ejercicio no predice mortalidad ni eventos cardiovasculares graves en mujeres referidas a ecocardiografía de ejercicio por razones clínicas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The association between an exaggerated systolic blood pressure increase with exercise (EBPIE) and the probability of cardiovascular events is controversial and poorly studied in the female population. Our aim was to determine the possible association between EBPIE on one hand and mortality and cardiovascular events on the other in women referred for exercise echocardiography due to known or suspected coronary artery disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 3942 women with known or suspected coronary artery disease underwent exercise echocardiography. We defined EBPIE as a ≥70mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure with exercise. The study endpoints were overall and cardiac mortality, acute myocardial infarction (MI), stroke and coronary revascularisation procedures. RESULTS: A total of 332 women developed EBPIE during the test. During the follow-up, 458 deaths (162 of cardiac origin), 212 MIs, 89 strokes and 345 coronary revascularisation procedures were recorded. The annual rates of overall and cardiac mortality were lower in the patient subgroup with EBPIE (0.15% vs. 2.3%, P=.02 and 0.01% vs. 0.2%, P=.015, respectively). There were no significant differences in the rates of MI, stroke and the need for coronary revascularisation procedures, which occurred in 1.1%, 0.43% and 2.24% of the patients with EBPIE, respectively, and occurred in 0.09%, 0.05% and 0.13% of the women without EBPIE (P=.66; P=.57; P=.19, respectively). After a multivariate adjustment, EBPIE was not a predictor of mortality or cardiovascular events. CONCLUSIONS: EBPIE is not associated with mortality or severe cardiovascular events in women with known or suspected coronary artery disease.